Voges, batting at number five, had earlier steadied the Australian innings after a disastrous start and went on to complete his ton off 98 balls.
The 33-year-old was only drafted into the side on Friday to replace the injured George Bailey, but he played the star role despite being a fringe player in the six years since he made his debut.
Australian captain Shane Watson paid tribute to Voges, saying he "was absolutely amazing, the way he controlled the innings."
